ZllHJi 


A STUDY  OF 


HIGH  SCHOOL  OF  THE  TRAINING 


DEPARTMENT 


Colorado 


BULLETIN 


High  School  of  the  Training 
Department 

OF  THE 


Colorado 

State  Normal  School 


A Study  of 

Municipal  Government 


“L  UBfaay  . 

0 - * fjfi 


BY 


ROYAL  W.  BULLOCK 


App  9 ? 

, Ph.  B.  '^>y  OF  r 

^ u/vo 


Department  of  Secondary  Education,  and  Principal  of  the 
Normal  High  School. 


November,  1910. 


Contents. 

Chapter. 

I.  Introduction. 

PART  I.  ADMINISTRATION  OF  MUNICIPAL,  AFFAIRS. 

II.  City  Ordinances. 

III.  City  Revenues. 

IV.  Preservation  of  Health  and  Safety. 

Police  department;  Fire  department;  Helth 
Department. 

V.  Public  Utilities. 

Streets  and  alleys ; water  supply ; sewerage  and 
sanitation,  light,  heat,  and  power ; rapid  transit. 

VI.  Civic  Improvement  and  Beautification. 

Public  parks,  boulevards,  and  playgrounds; 
libraries,  museums,  and  public  buildings;  The 
City  Beautiful. 

VII.  Municipal  Reforms. 

Municipal  ownership  or  control;  Government 
by  Commission. 

PART  II.  EVOLUTION  OF  GOVERNMENT. 

VIII.  Origin  of  Government. 

IX.  Purpose  of  Government. 

X.  Function  of  Government. 

PART  III.  THEORY  OF  MUNICIPAL  GOVERNMENT. 

XI.  Town  Government  in  New  England. 

XII.  The  Beginning  of  a City. 

XIII.  Natural  Divisions  of  Governmental  Function. 

XIV.  The  Legislativ  Department. 

XV.  The  Executiv  Department. 

XVI.  The  Judicial  Department. 


part  rv.  REFERENCES. 


A Dignified  City  Hall  Promotes  Local  Patriotism. 


Even  a Business  Street  May  be  Both  Clean  and  Beautiful. 


An  Attractive  Council  Chamber  Stimulates  Interest  in  Good  Government. 


Side  Lighting  of  Streets  Is  More  Effective  and  Artistic  Than  Overhead  Lighting 


Part  I.  Introduction. 


IMPORTANCE  OF  THE  STUDY  OF  MUNICIPAL 
GOVERNMENT. 

The  stedy  tide  of  population  toward  our  cities  gives 
increasing  importance  to  local  and  municipal  govern- 
ment. In  our  eastern  states  over  half  the  population  is 
found  in  cities,  and  in  our  country,  as  a whole,  about 
forty  percent  of  the  people  live  in  urban  communities. 
When  we  consider  the  increast  facilities  for  and  interest 
in  political  affairs  as  found  among  city  dwellers,  it  is 
easy  to  understand  that  our  nation  is  practically  governd 
by  them.  It  follows  that  the  city  may  be  the  great  agency 
of  political  regeneration  if  the  people  so  will.  The 
smaller  units  of  local  government  constitute  the  best  po- 
litical laboratories  where  problems  of  effectiv  adminis- 
tration are  gradually  being  solvd.  Systems  of  account- 
ing, of  civil  servis,  of  purchasing  supplies,  and  of  contract- 
ing with  corporations  for  the  furnishing  of  servis  are 
more  easily  studied  and  more  redily  improvd  in  a munici- 
pality than  in  the  cumbersome  machinery  of  national  gov- 
ernment. It  is  relativly  easy  to  see  examples  of  waste 
and  mismanagement  in  the  administration  of  our  own 
civic  business,  and,  having  seen  and  remedied  this,  it  is 
possible  to  work  toward  a more  rational  administration 
of  national  affairs. 

The  chief  political  interest  of  each  one  of  us  is,  and 
should  be,  in  our  local  government.  Pour  fifths  of  our 
direct  taxes,  it  is  estimated,  are  spent  by  the  local  admin- 


4 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 


istration,  and  upon  it  we  depend  for  a very  large  propor- 
tion of  our  daily  conveniences.  We  are  disposed  to  over- 
emphasize the  restrictiv  powers  of  government  to  the 
neglect  of  its  beneficent  contributions.  Government  is 
organized  authority  engaged  in  the  administration  of  af- 
fairs. It  is  primarily  concernd  with  our  food,  occupation, 
schooling,  housing,  amusements,  charitable  relief;  with 
streets,  water,  lights,  and  transportation.  Administrativ 
affairs  such  as  these  are  multiplying  rapidly  and  the  form- 
ulation of  policies  for  their  management  is  the  duty  of  an 
intelligent  democracy. 

Good  citizenship  demands  activ,  intelligent  servis. 
We  serv  only  where  we  are  interested;  we  are  interested 
only  in  those  things  of  which  we  have  knowledge,  and 
knowledge  can  be  obtaind  only  by  conscious  attention  to 
phenomena.  To  those  who  would  be  good  citizens  comes 
an  imperativ  call  to  study  municipal  government. 

MATERIAL  FOR  THE  STUDY  OF  MUNICIPAL 
GOVERNMENT. 

Information  on  the  subject  of  local  government  is 
not  so  difficult  to  obtain  as  many  suppose.  Copies  should 
be  had  of  the  city  charter  and  ordinances,  of  franchises, 
and  of  such  reports  as  are  printed  for  distribution.  Many 
similar  papers  can  be  had  from  other  cities  for  the  ask- 
ing. A copy  of  the  revised  statutes  of  the  state  should 
be  accessible  for  frequent  consultation.  A list  of  desira- 
ble books  is  given  elsewhere  in  this  pamphlet.  As  many 
of  these  as  can  be  afforded  should  be  placed  in  the  public 
library  of  every  city.  Magazine  articles  are  extremely 
useful  and  should  be  referd  to  as  largely  as  facilities 
will  permit.  Many  of  the  newer  text-books  on  civics  give 


GREELEY,  COLORADO. 


5 


several  chapters  to  municipal  affairs  and  contain  numer- 
ous study  outlines,  references,  and  helps.  The  pamphlets 
issued  by  the  Board  of  Trade,  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
or  Commercial  Club  of  nearly  every  city  contain  informa- 
tion which  can  be  used  for  comparison  with  facts  con- 
cerning the  home  city.  Local  officials  are  usually  willing 
to  address  a class  or  school  on  the  line  of  their  own  work 
if  an  outline  of  what  is  wanted  is  previously  submitted 
to  them.  Finally,  a live  teacher  is  needed  to  organize  and 
interpret  the  facts  and  to  guide  investigation. 

SUGGESTIONS  FOR  STUDY. 

It  is  believed  that  the  order  of  subjects  suggested  in 
the  outline  is  pedagogically  correct  and  such  as  will  most 
interest  students.  One  likes  to  find  out  how  a machine 
works  first  of  all;  after  that  he  may  wish  to  know  the 
history  and  theory  of  the  thing.  If,  however,  one  pre- 
fers, parts  two  and  three  may  be  studied  before  part  one. 
Whatever  the  order  or  method  of  study  it  is  essential 
that  motivs  for  right  conduct  should  be  establisht. 

A good  citizen  is  one  who  not  only  knows  conditions 
and  is  able  to  judge  causes  and  results,  but  is  also  stirred 
to  right  action  by  a burning  desire  to  serv  society.  This 
is  the  highest  patriotism. 

TO  WHOM  IS  THIS  STUDY  ADAPTED? 

The  outlines  and  suggested  studies  presented  here- 
with are  those  used  and  developt  with  classes  of  high 
school  students  for  several  years.  This  study  is,  how- 
ever, equally  suitable  for  adults.  Indeed  it  is  highly  im- 
portant that  the  present  citizenship  should  acquire  greater 
power  and  skill  in  government  without  waiting  for  the 
activity  of  a coming  generation.  It  is  believed  that  de- 


6 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 


bating  societies,  women’s  clubs,  church  organizations, 
such  as  brotherhoods  and  adult  classes,  literary  societies 
and  similar  organizations  will  find  the  study  of  local  gov- 
ernment both  interesting  and  profitable.  Wherever  a few 
people  with  a serious  purpose  can  be  gatherd  there  may 
be  developt  a helpful  center  for  the  spread  of  civic 
righteousness. 

THE  CALL  EOR  PATRIOTIC  SERVIS. 

American  citizenship  today  makes  larger  demands 
upon  the  independence  and  initiativ  of  individuals  than 
ever  before.  The  political  ills  of  the  present  are  the  re- 
sult of  mal-adjustments  incident  to  a growing  and  rapidly 
changing  economic  life.  The  complexity  of  our  social 
life,  the  rapid  evolution  of  industry  with  its  attendant 
problems,  and  the  increast  comfort  and  happiness  made 
possible  by  modern  inventions  all  demand  a readjustment 
of  political  institutions  to  meet  present  conditions.  The 
highest  possible  social  life  is  open  to  those  who  can  co- 
operate intelligently  to  secure  its  blessings.  The  battles 
for  liberty  were  not  all  fought  in  ’76  or  ’61  on  distant 
fields  of  carnage  but  are  waging  today  in  every  field  and 
hamlet  where  humanity  toils  to  earn  the  right  to  live. 
Not  civil  liberty  alone,  but  life  itself  for  countless  thous- 
ands is  at  stake  in  the  political  issues  of  today.  So  long 
as  our  statistics  of  infant  mortality,  child-workers,  wo- 
men wage-earners,  preventable  contagion,  social  evil, 
and  industrial  slaughter  in  the  cities  tell  their  present 
tale,  so  long  will  the  voices  of  these  helpless  ones  call  us 
to  action.  Life,  liberty,  and  happiness  for  these,  and 
higher  living  for  all  can  be  purchast  at  the  expense  of  a 
certain  amount  of  intelligent  effort  in  the  performance 
of  the  duties  of  citizenship.  Will  you  pay  the  price? 


GREELEY,  COLORADO. 


7 


Part  I. 

Administration  of  Municipal  Affairs. 


II.  City  Ordinances. 

a.  Making  ordinances.  Drafting;  publishing; 

passing. 

b.  Scope  of  ordinances.  Classes  of  subjects  which 

may  be  legislated  upon  by  a council. 

c.  Restrictions  upon  legislativ  power.  By  the 

state;  by  the  courts;  by  the  people. 

Exercises. 

Visit  a council  meeting  when  an  ordinance  of  im- 
portance is  being  considerd. 

Talk  with  the  city  attorney  concerning  current  city 
problems  or  pending  legislation. 

Read  the  text  of  proposed  ordinances  as  publisht  in 
the  papers. 

Questions. 

To  what  extent  may  ordinances  deprive  a citizen  of 
his  “personal  liberty”? 

What  control  have  the  people  over  municipal  legis- 
lation ? 

Is  the  present  tendency  toward  greater  or  less  con- 
trol of  cities  by  the  states? 


8 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 


III.  City  Revenues. 

a.  Taxes.  General  levy;  municipal,  school,  coun- 

ty, state. 

Special  assessment  for  improvements;  streets, 
sewer,  sidewalk. 

Poll  tax,  or  road  tax.  Amount,  exemptions,  etc. 

b.  Licenses.  Liquor,  peddlers,  teamsters,  shows, 

other  business. 

c.  Fines.  Amount  of  revenue ; how  used. 

d.  Fees.  Purpose ; amount ; how  used. 

e.  Bonds.  Definition ; kinds,  limitation  of  amount. 

Exercises. 

Examin  tax  receipts,  special  assessment  notises,  an- 
nual report  of  treasurer,  form  of  bonds,  and  other  city 
“paper”. 

Consult  the  city  treasurer  concerning  the  relativ 
revenues  from  various  sources. 

Examin  carefully  the  “annual  budget”  of  your  city. 

Questions. 

To  what  extent  is  bonding  a city  “good  business”? 
To  what  extent  should  improvements  be  paid  for  by 
general  tax  rather  than  by  special  assessment? 

Discuss  the  justice  of  licenses,  high  or  low. 

Give  arguments  for  or  against  a poll  tax  as  con- 
trasted with  a property  tax. 


Good  Fire  Protection  Is  Good  Business  Economy. 


^ City  Park  Is  the  Playground  of  All  the  People, 


GREELEY,  COLORADO. 


9 


IV.  Preservation  of  Health  and  Safety. 

POLICE  DEPARTMENT. 

a.  Organization. 

Chief,  offisers,  men. 

How  appointed,  salary,  restrictions,  qualifica- 
tions, tenure  of  offis. 

b.  Duties. 

Preventiv.  Regulating  traffic,  preventing  fires, 
riots,  mobs,  noise,  accidents,  dangers. 
Correctiv.  Arrest  and  punishment  for  offenses. 
Conditions  for  arrest. 

c.  Police  courts. 

Jurisdiction,  methods,  efficiency. 

d.  Juvenil  courts.  Jurisdiction,  methods,  effi- 

ciency. 

Exercise. 

Talk  with  police  offisers  concerning  their  immediate 
problems. 

Questions. 

Are  any  of  the  ordinances  of  your  town  openly  vio- 
lated ? Why  ? 

What  are  the  most  desirable  qualifications  in  a po- 
lice offiser? 

What  suggestions  could  you  make  for  improvement 
in  police  court  procedure. 

Compare  the  efficiency  of  American  police  with  that 
of  European  police  offisers. 


IO 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 


FIRE  DEPARTMENT. 

a.  Organization.  Chief,  offisers,  men.  Appoint- 

ment, tenure  of  offis,  salary,  qualifications, 
number  of  men,  hours  of  servis. 

b.  Equipment. 

Water  system,  fire  plugs,  engines,  trucks, 
towers,  boats,  hook  and  ladder,  chemicals. 
The  alarm  system. 

c.  Preventiv  regulations. 

Fire  escapes,  fire  drills,  theater  regulations, 
bilding  permits,  fire  district,  ordinances  gov- 
erning precautions. 

Exercise. 

Visit  the  fire  station,  inspect  the  apparatus,  and  talk 
with  the  fire  chief  concerning  conditions  in  the  city. 

Observe  the  conditions  in  public  buildings  as  to 
safety  in  case  of  fire. 

Questions. 

What  can  citizens  do  by  way  of  precautions  ? 

What  is  the  greatest  need  in  your  town  in  the  matter 
of  fire  protection? 

What  is  the  relation  between  protection  from  fire 
and  the  rate  of  fire  insurance? 

Do  we  spend  more  money  for  preventing  fires 
than  for  putting  them  out?  Why  is  this  true?  Which 
pays  better  ? 


GREELEY,  COLORADO. 


II 


helth  department. 

a.  Organization.  Officials ; appointment ; qualifi- 

cations; salary. 

b.  Scope  of  work. 

Preventiv.  Quarantine  of  contagious  disease. 
Inspection  of  water,  milk  products,  meat, 
fruit,  bakeries,  markets,  slaughter-houses. 
Civic  clenliness.  Yards,  stables,  cellars. 

Housing  conditions. 

Relief  work.  Hospitals ; dispensaries. 

Exercises. 

Visit  city  hospitals,  jails,  and  public  buildings. 
Consult  the  helth  offiser  concerning  local  needs. 

Visit  dairies  and  other  establishments  where  food  is 
prepared. 

Note  the  precautions  taken  for  the  prevention  of 
infection  of  food  exposed  for  sale. 

Questions. 

Define  civic  duty  in  respect  to  public  helth. 

Discuss  the  right  of  the  city  to  insist  upon  medical 
attendance  being  given  where  and  when  needed  altho 
not  askt  for  by  the  individual. 

Compare  the  importance  of  the  helth  department 
with  that  of  other  departments  of  city  administration. 

Suggest  ways  of  educating  public  sentiment  on  mat- 
ters of  civic  helth  and  sanitation. 

How  can  the  school  be  most  useful  in  promoting 
public  helth? 


12 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 


V.  Public  Utilities. 

streets  and  alleys. 

a.  Management.  Street  committee  or  commis- 

sioner. Duties,  etc. 

b.  System.  Width,  direction,  uniformity,  naming, 

alleys,  crossings,  sidewalk,  curbing. 

c.  Physical  condition.  Grade,  surface,  sprinkling, 

drainage,  cleaning. 

d.  Maintenance.  General  tax,  special  assessment, 

poll  tax. 

Exercises. 

Observe  the  varying  conditions  of  streets  and  alleys 
under  various  weather  conditions  at  different  times  of 
the  year. 

Consider  the  average  condition  of  sidewalks  as  to 
grade,  uniformity,  clenliness  and  safety. 

Talk  with  the  proper  authorities  about  their  plans 
for  street  improvement. 

Questions. 

Explain  the  direct  and  indirect  value  of  good  streets 
to  a city. 

To  whom  do  the  streets  belong?  To  whom  do  the 
sidewalks  belong? 

What  practicable  improvements  would  you  suggest 
for  the  streets  of  your  city? 

To  what  extent  should  street  improvement  be  made 
by  special  assessment  rather  than  by  general  tax? 


A Beautiful  Street  Is  a Joy  Forever. 


It  Pays  a City  to  Furnish  Free  Drinks. 


GREELEY,  COLORADO.  1 3 

WATER  SYSTEM. 

a.  Management.  Water  committee  or  commis- 

sioner. Qualifications,  term  of  offis,  duties, 
etc. 

b.  System. 

Sources  of  supply,  reservoirs  and  storage  tanks, 
pipe  lines,  capacity,  purity,  economy,  pres- 
sure. 

c.  Efficiency. 

Health,  cleanliness,  convenience,  safety,  civic 
beauty. 

Exercise. 

Inspect  the  various  parts  of  the  water  system  of 
your  town. 

Questions. 

Discuss  the  commercial  value  to  a city  of  an  abund- 
ant supply  of  pure  water. 

Explain  the  relativ  advantages  of  a “meter  system” 
or  a “flat  rate”  system  of  charges  for  water  consumption. 

In  what  ways  do  modern  conditions  of  living  make 
increast  demands  upon  a city  water  system? 

Has  your  city  an  adequate  water  supply  for  the 
future  ? 


14 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 


SEWERAGE  AND  SANITATION. 

a.  Management.  Board  of  sanitation  or  sub-com- 

mittee of  some  other  Board. 

Membership,  qualifications,  salary,  term  of  offis, 
powers  and  duties. 

Inspectors  and  inspection. 

b.  Sewerage  system. 

Physical  features  of  city,  map  of  sewers,  dis- 
posal of  sewage. 

c.  Garbage. 

Management  of  system,  separation  of  material, 
collection,  disposal  of  garbage. 

d.  Maintenance. 

General  appropriation,  special  assessment, 
profits  from  management  of  the  business. 


Bxercise. 

Inspect  as  much  of  the  system  as  is  feasible.  Com- 
pare your  city  with  others,  noting  advantages  and  disad- 
vantages of  each.  Look  for  “dumps”  within  the  city 
limits.  Notice  the  back  yards  and  alleys. 

Questions. 

What  is  the  most  serious  question  in  planning  the 
sewerage  system  of  a city? 

What  advantages  accrue  from  a modern  scientific 
disposal  of  sewage  and  garbage. 

Explain  the  relation  of  this  branch  of  public  servis 
to  helth,  esthetics,  economy,  convenience,  and  morals. 

What  can  we,  as  individuals,  do  to  promote  the 
efficiency  of  the  system  in  our  town? 


GREELEY,  COLORADO. 


15 


light  and  power. 

a.  Management. 

Corporation.  Franchise,  contract,  methods  of 
business. 

Municipal.  Board  or  committee,  tenure  of 
offis,  salary,  powers  and  duties,  maintenance. 

b.  System. 

Electricity.  Source  of  power,  extent  of  distri- 
bution, charges,  possible  uses. 

Gas.  Method  of  production,  distribution, 
charges. 

c.  Advantages. 

To  the  public,  to  individuals,  to  industrial  con- 
cerns. 

The  degree  of  safety,  convenience,  economy  af- 
forded. 

Bxercise. 

Visit  the  local  light  and  power  plant.  Study  the 
various  uses  of  gas  and  electricity,  especially  those  that 
are  novel. 

Compare  the  light  and  power  plants  of  your  town 
with  those  of  other  cities  as  to  rates  and  efficiency. 

Questions. 

Explain  the  economy  of  the  best  modern  light  and 
power  servis  to  individuals,  to  the  city,  and  to  industries. 

Discuss  the  future  possibilities  of  further  application 
of  electric  light  and  power. 

Will  the  distribution  of  heat  and  hot  water  for 
dwellings  be  practicable  in  the  near  future? 

Discuss  the  probable  effect  of  further  consolidation 
of  great  light  and  power  companies. 


i6 


STATE  NORM  AT,  SCHOOL, 


RAPID  TRANSIT  SERVIS. 

a.  Management. 

Corporation.  Terms  of  franchise,  rates,  servis 
renderd. 

Municipal.  Ownership  or  control,  rates,  servis. 

b.  System. 

Street  cars,  elevated  lines,  subways,  interurban 
lines. 

c.  Effect  upon  the  city. 

Growth  and  distribution  of  population,  exten- 
sion of  boundaries,  equalization  of  property 
values,  improvement  of  living  conditions. 

Exercise. 

Study  the  map  of  your  city  with  reference  to  the 
adequacy  of  transportation  facilities. 

Study  the  terms  of  the  street  car  franchises  of  your 

city. 

Questions. 

What  direct  effects  of  street  car  servis  can  you  ob- 
serve in  your  own  city  or  neighboring  ones  ? 

Why  is  car  fare  usually  five  cents  regardless  of  kind 
or  amount  of  servis  renderd? 

What  provisions  should  a street  car  franchise  con- 
tain for  the  protection  of  the  citizens  ? 

Along  what  lines  will  improvements  probably  be 
made  in  city  transportation  of  the  future? 

Should  a corporation  pay  for  a franchise  to  use  the 
city  streets? 

What  are  the  features  of  “good”  street  car  servis? 


Water  Is  a Symbol  of  Cleanliness. 


A Library  Is  Valuable  Only  When  Used. 


GREELEY,  COLORADO. 


l7i 


VI.  Civic  Improvement  and  Beautification. 

PUBLIC  PARKS,  BOULEVARDS,  AND  PLAYGROUNDS. 

a.  Management. 

Board  or  commissioner,  powers  and  duties, 
maintenance. 

b.  Location  and  distribution. 

. With  reference  to  natural  features,  population, 
factories,  schools. 

c.  Equipment. 

Trees  and  flowers,  seats,  bildings,  fountains, 
play  apparatus. 

d.  Privileges. 

Rest,  recreation,  amusement,  games. 

e.  Value. 

Commercial,  esthetic,  hygienic,  moral. 

Exercise. 

Make  a map  of  your  city  showing  location  of  ex- 
isting parks,  boulevards,  and  playgrounds.  Make,  in  dif- 
ferent color,  such  additions  as  seem  practicable  and  de- 
sirable to  produce  an  adequate  unified  “system.” 

Questions. 

What  are  the  chief  purposes  of  parks  and  play- 
grounds ? 

Do  most  city  park  systems  meet  these  purposes  ? 
What  improvements  can  you  suggest  in  the  man- 
agement of  the  parks  of  your  city  that  they  may  serv 
their  greatest  usefulness? 

How  can  the  natural  features  of  your  city  be  better 
utilized  ? 


i8 


state;  normal  school. 


LIBRARIES,  MUSEUMS,  AND  PUBLIC  BILDINGS. 

a.  Management. 

Board  of  control,  employees,  maintenance, 
methods  of  servis. 

b.  Equipment. 

Amount,  character,  efficiency,  needs  for  the 
future. 

c.  Purpose. 

Utility,  education,  entertainment. 


Exercise. 

Visit  such  institutions  as  your  city  affords  and  study 
their  exhibits,  catalogs,  and  reports. 

Questions. 

What  is  the  best  system  of  maintenance  for  such  in- 
stitutions ? 

How  can  the  servis  of  these  institutions  be  improvd 
without  additional  expense? 

How  may  the  public  be  induced  to  make  greater  use 
of  such  facilities  as  they  have? 


GREELEY,  COLORADO. 


19 


THE  CITY  BEAUTIFUL. 

a.  Management. 

Official;  Art  Commission  or  Board. 

Unofficial;  Civic  Improvement  Association. 
Powers  and  duties,  term  of  ofifis,  maintenance. 

b.  Attainment. 

Adoption  and  promotion  of  the  artistic. 
Private  and  public  architecture,  statuary,  and 
fountains,  decorativ  lighting,  civic  center. 
Abatement  of  the  inartistic. 

Billboards,  sidewalks,  signs,  smoke  nuisance, 
rubbish. 

c.  Value. 

Commercial,  esthetic,  hygienic,  moral. 

Exercise. 

Make  a list  of  the  most  artistic  features  of  your  city 
and  of  its  most  inartistic  nuisances. 

Make  a collection  of  pictures  illustrating  the  artistic 
and  the  inartistic. 

Questions. 

How  largely  may  an  art  commission  interfere  with 
an  individual  citizen’s  “rights”? 

What  societies  or  influences  are  working  for  artistic 
improvement  in  your  town? 

What  forces  are  producing  the  most  inartistic  re- 
sults ? 

Explain  fully  and  definitly  the  value  of  civic  beauty. 


20 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 


VII.  Municipal  Reforms. 

MUNICIPAL  OWNERSHIP  OR  CONTROL. 

a.  Utilities  usually  ownd  by  municipalities. 

Sewer  system,  water  system. 

b.  Utilities  frequently  ownd  by  municipalities. 

Lighting  plants,  garbage  plants,  markets. 

c.  Utilities  occasionally  ownd  by  municipalities. 

Tramways,  cemeteries,  bath  houses,  wash 
houses,  theaters,  slaughter-houses,  bakeries, 
milk  stations,  pawn  shops,  crematories,  tene- 
ments, lodging  houses,  truck  farms,  etc. 

Advantages  claimd  for  municipal  ownership. 
Cheap  servis  due  to  absence  of  large  profits. 
Good  servis  the  ideal  rather  than  large  divi- 
dends. 

Satisfaction  due  to  consciousness  of  social  co- 
operation. 

Advantages  claimd  for  non-municipal  corpora- 
tion ownership. 

Economy  due  to  absence  of  political  waste- 
fulness. 

Good  servis  due  to  employment  of  experts  only. 

Satisfaction  guaranteed  because  of  business 
competition. 

Municipal  ownership  is  a question  of  degree  or  ex- 
tent. Shall  the  municipality  own  such  utilities  only  as 
are  necessities,  or  include  common  conveniences,  or  in- 
clude any  business  that  can  be  successfully  conducted? 
Shall  the  municipality  own  all  utilities  that  are  in  the 
nature  of  monopolies  and  avoid  those  that  are  subject 
to  free  competition?  Should  the  city  operate  all  utilities 


GREELEY,  COLORADO. 


21 


that  are  essential  to  public  health  and  safety  or  only  such 
as  do  not  attract  private  capital  ? 

Exercise. 

Public  debate.  Question : Resolved  that  the  city  of 

should  own  and  operate  its  own 

system. 

THE  COMMISSION  PLAN  OF  CITY  GOVERNMENT.  ! 

a.  History  of  the  plan. 

b.  Problems  in  the  present  situation. 

c.  Advantages  claimd  for  the  “Commission  Plan.” 

Closer  merging  of  legislativ  and  executiv  de- 
partments. 

Definit  placing  of  responsibility. 

Elimination  of  party  politics. 

Selection  of  experts  for  special  servis. 

Direct  responsibility  of  commissioners  to  the 
people. 

d.  Disadvantages  urged  against  the  “Commission 

Plan.” 

It  is  more  expensiv  in  small  cities. 

It  places  a dangerous  amount  of  power  in  the 
hands  of  a few. 

It  almost  abolishes  representativ  legislation. 

A small  body  is  more  subject  to  improper  in- 
fluence than  is  a larger  body. 

Human  nature  is  not  changed  by  any  “new 
scheme.” 


22 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 


Exercise. 

Debate.  Question : Resolved  that  the  city  of 
should  adopt  a new  charter  provid- 
ing for  government  under  the  commission  plan. 

Questions. 

What  is  the  trouble  with  American  city  government  ? 

Where  is  the  source  of  all  improvement  in  a de- 
mocracy ? 

The  statement  is  made  that  the  affairs  of  a city  are 
chiefly  business,  not  government.  To  what  extent  is  this 
true? 

What  political  “reform  measures”  have  usually  been 
adopted  by  cities  that  have  recently  made  new  charters? 

What  states  permit  cities  to  make  their  own  charters  ? 

What  limitations  does  your  state  place  upon  the  ac- 
tivities of  its  cities  in  charter  making  ? 


GREELEY,  COLORADO. 


23 


Part  II. 

Evolution  of  Government. 


VIII.  Origin  of  Government. 

a.  Growth  of  society. 

b.  Animal  society.  Contact,  repulsion,  toleration, 

sympathy,  appreciation,  congregation. 

c.  Primitiv  human  society. 

Development  of  respect  for  life  and  property. 
Need  of  organized  authority  and  control. 
Advantages  possible  by  cooperation. 

d.  Evolution  of  social  and  political  units. 

Family,  clan,  tribe,  state,  city,  county,  town- 
ship, district. 

e.  Theories  of  the  origin  of  authority. 

Original  lawgiver,  divine  right,  contract,  force, 
wisdom,  kinship,  consent  of  the  governd. 

~f.  Leading  forms  of  organized  government. 

Monarchy,  aristocracy,  democracy  (pure  and 
representativ). 

IX.  Purpose  of  Government. 

a.  Protectiv.  To  restrain  wrong-minded  persons 

from  interfering  with  personal  or  property 
rights. 

b.  Cooperativ.  To  secure  conveniences  and  ad- 

vantages by  united  effort  that  could  not  be 


24 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 


otherwise  obtained;  e.  g.,  roads,  schools^ 
water,  lights,  parks. 

X.  Function  of  Government. 

a.  To  determine  policies.  (Political  parties.) 

b.  To  administer  business  affairs.  (Executiv  de- 

partments.) 


GREELEY,  COLORADO. 


25 


Part  III. 

Theory  of  Municipal  Government. 


XI.  Town  Government  in  New  England. 

a.  Origin  and  history  of  this  form  of  government 

b.  Function  of  early  town  governments.  (Com- 

pare with  business  of  a modern  city.) 

c.  Evolution  of  representativ  democracy  from  pure 

democracy. 

XII.  The  Beginning  of  a City. 

a.  Conditions  determining  location  and  subsequent 

growth. 

b.  Early  need  of  governmental  regulation. 

c.  Organization.  Incorporation,  charter,  plotting, 

land  titles. 

d.  Classification  of  cities  by  state  legislation. 

XIII.  Natural  Divisions  of  Governmental  Function. 

a.  Definition  of  legislativ,  executiv,  judicial  depart- 

ments. 

b.  The  separation  and  the  interrelation  of  these 

departments. 

XIV.  The  Legislativ  Department. 

a.  Various  forms  of  city  council.  (Common  coun- 
cil, Board  of  aldermen,  Selectmen,  Trustees, 
Commissioners,  etc.) 


26 


STATE  NORMAE  SCHOOL, 


b.  Bicameral  and  unicameral  councils. 

c.  Membership  in  a council.  Number,  election, 

qualifications,  term  of  offis,  salary,  powers 
and  duties. 

d.  Legislativ  and  administrate  duties  of  council- 

men  compared. 

XV.  The  Executiv  Department. 

a.  The  Mayor. 

Election,  qualifications,  term  of  offis,  salary, 
powers  and  duties. 

b.  Appointiv  offisers.  (Considered  under  admin- 

istration of  departments.) 

XVI.  The  Judicial  Department. 

a.  Police  courts.  (Treated  under  police  system.) 

b.  Juvenil  courts.  (A  county  court  serving  the 

city.  Considerd  under  the  police  system.)' 


GREELEY,  COLORADO. 


27 


Part  IV. 

A -List  of  Some  of  the  Most  Desirable  Books  on  Munic- 
ipal Government  for  a Small  School  Library. 


Allen,  William  H. : Civics  and  Health;  (1909) 

Ginn  & Co.,  $1.25 

Conkling,  A.  R. : City  Government  in  the  U.  S. 

(1895),  D.  Appleton  & Co.,  N.  Y 1.50 

Ely,  R.  T. : The  Coming  City;  (1902),  T.  Y. 

Crowell  & Co 60 

Goodnow,  Frank  J. : City  Government  in  the  U.  S. 

(1904),  The  Century  Co.,  N.  Y 1.25 

Goodnow,  Frank  J. : Municipal  Government 

(1909),  The  Century  Co.,  N.  Y 3.00 

Deming,  H.  E. : Government  of  American  Cities 

(1909) I-5° 

Wilcox,  Delos  F. : The  American  City  (1904) 

Macmillan  Co.,  N.  Y 1.25 


$10.35 


GENERAL  REFERENCES  ON  MUNICIPAL 
GOVERNMENT. 

Addams,  Jane:  The  Spirit  of  Youth  and  the  City 

Streets,  (1909),  Macmillan  Co $1.25 

Baker : Municipal  Engineering  and  Sanitation, 
Macmillan  Co 


r-25 


28 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 


Barnett,  T.  D. : Toward  Social  Reform;  Macmil- 
lan Co 1.50 

Bemis,  E.  W. : Municipal  Monopolies ; T.  Y.  Cro- 
well Co 2.00 

Bliss,  W.  D.  P. : Encyclopedia  of  Social  Reform ; 

Funk  Wagnalls  Co 7.50 

Bryce,  James:  Hindrances  to  Good  Citizenship; 

Yale  University  Press 1.25 

Chapin,  C.  W. : Municipal  Sanitation  in  the  U.  S. ; 

Snow  Co 5.00 

Clow,  F.  R. : Comparativ  Study  of  City  Finance 

in  the  U.  S. ; Macmillan  Co.,  (1901) 1.00 

Devlin,  R.  I.:  Municipal  Reform;  Putnam  Co.  . . 1.00 

Dolman,  F. : Municipalities  at  Work;  Scribners..  1.00 

Eaton,  Dorman  B. : The  Government  of  Municipal- 
ities, (1899);  Macmillan  Co 4.00 

Fairlee,  J.  A. : Municipal  Administration,  (1901)  ; 

Macmillan  Co 3.00 

Francisco,  M.  J. : Business  of  Municipal  and  Pri- 
vate Corporations  Compared;  M.  J.  Francisco 

& Sons  1. 00 

Goodnow,  Frank  J. : Municipal  Home  Rule, 

(1895);  Macmillan  Co 1.50 

Goodnow,  Frank  J. : Municipal  Problems,  (1909) 

Macmillan  Co 1.50 

Goodnow,  Frank  J. : Municipal  Government, 

(1900)  ; Century  Co 3.00 

Goodhue,  W.  F. : Municipal  Improvements, 

(1900);  Wiley  1.25 

George,  W.  R. : The  Junior  Republic,  (1902); 

Appleton  & Co 1.50 


GREELEY,  COLORADO. 


29 


Hodder,  Alfred:  The  Fight  for  the  City,  (1903)  ; 

Macmillan  Co 1.50 

Howe,  Frederic  C. : The  City  the  Hope  of  De- 
mocracy, (1905);  Scribner  1.50 

Howe,  Frederic  C. : The  British  City,  (1907); 

Scribners 1.50 

Kirk,  William:  A Modern  City,  (1909);  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago  Press  2.50 

Lincoln,  J.  T. : The  City  of  the  Dinner  Pail, 

(1909);  Houghton,  Mifflin  Co 1.25 

Lloyd,  Henry  D. : Men  the  Workers,  (1905); 

Doubleday,  Page  & Co 1.50 

Merriam,  C.  E. : Primary  Elections,  (1906)  ; Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  Press 1.25 

National  Municipal  League  Proceedings : 

Eighth  Annual  Report, 

Ninth  Annual  Report,  each  1.00 

National  Municipal  League,  1112  Guard  Bldg., 

Philadelphia 2.00 

Peabody,  Francis  G. : The  Approach  to  the  Social 

Question,  (1909)  ; Macmillan  Co 1.35 

Porter,  R.  P. : Dangers  of  Municipal  Ownership, 

(1907);  Century  Co 1.80 

Robbins,  Clyde : Commission  Plan  of  Municipal 
Government,  (1909)  ; H.  W.  Wilson  Co.,  Min- 
neapolis, Minn 1.00 

Robinson,  Charles  M. : The  Improvement  of  Towns 

and  Cities,  (1901)  ; Putnam  & Son .•  • • • 125 

Robinson,  C.  M. : Modern  Civic  Art,  (1905); 

Putnam  Co 3.00 

Rollins,  P. : School  Administration  and  Municipal 

Government,  (1902)  ; Macmillan  Co 75 


30 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL, 


Shaw,  Albert:  Municipal  Government  in  Contin- 
ental Europe,  (1897)  ; Century  Co 2.00 

Steffens,  Lincoln:  City  Life  and  Progress; 
American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social 

Science 1.25 

Steffens,  Lincoln:  Shame  of  the  Cities,  (1904); 

McClure’s 1.20 

Whinnery,  S. : Municipal  Public  Works,  (1903); 

Macmillan  Co 1.50 

Wilcox,  D.  F. : The  American  City,  A Problem  in 

Democracy,  (1904)  ; Macmillan  Co 1.25 

Wilcox,  D.  F. : Study  of  City  Government,  (1904)  ; 

Den.  Ptg.  Co 3.00 

Wilcox,  D.  F. : Government  of  Great  American 

Cities,  (1909);  Macmillan  Co 1.50 

Woodruff,  C.  R. : The  Church  at  Work  Socially; 

The  Survey,  Chicago 10 

Zueblin,  Charles : A Decade  of  Civic  Development ; 

University  of  Chicago  Press  1.25 


SOME  MAGAZINES  OF  MUNICIPAL 
AFFAIRS. 

The  Twentieth  Century  Magazine;  B.  O.  Flower, 

Boston $2.00 

(Successor  to  The  Arena)  devoted  to  Munici- 
pal affairs,  to  co-operation,  conservation  and 
progress. 

The  Survey — Social,  Charitable  and  Civic.  Weekly 

with  larger  issue  each  month 2.00 

The  American  City — Monthly,  The  Am.  City 

Pub.  Co.,  N.  Y 1. 00 


GREELEY,  COLORADO.  3 1 

American  Journal  of  Sociology — Bi-monthly;  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  Press  2.00 

Municipal  Journal  and  Engineer — Municipal 

Journal  Pub.  Co.,  253  Broadway,  N.  Y 2.00 

Bulletins  of  The  League  of  American  Munici- 
palities, Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Municipal  Facts — Illustrated  monthly,  of  Denver. 

Free  distribution. 

Address — Compiler  of  Mun.  Facts,  Denver, 

Colo. 

$9.00 


State  Normal  School  of  Colorado 


The  Summer  Term  opens 
June  20,  1911 


1.  The  session  continues  six  weeks. 

2.  The  same  courses  are  offerd  in  this  term 
that  are  offerd  in  the  fall,  winter  or  spring  terms. 

3.  From  one  to  five  credits  may  be  earned  to- 
ward graduation.  The  diploma  is  a life  license  to 
to  teach  in  Colorado;  and  is  good  in  other  states. 

4.  A special  course  of  lectures  will  be  given  by 
practically  the  same  group  of  men  who  gave  the  course 
last  summer. 

5.  A special  course  for  principals  and  teachers  of 
high  schools  will  be  given. 

7.  Only  eleven  out  of  its  thirty  courses  necessary 
for  graduation  are  required.  All  required  courses  are 
courses  in  education. 

For  further  particulars  address 


THE  STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL 

Tl?r 


1 
* If 


The  Greeley  Republican  Print 


